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The American diaspora or overseas Americans refers to the population of United States citizens who relocate, temporarily or permanently, to foreign countries. There are no reliable figures on how many Americans live abroad, but a State Department estimate suggests that the number may be between 3 million and 6 million. == Number of U.S. citizens living abroad == As of 2014, there are over 8.7 million non-military U.S. citizens living abroad,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=By the Numbers )〕 an increase from the 4 million estimated in 1999.〔http://unstats.un.org/unsd/Demographic/meetings/egm/migrationegm06/DOC%2019%20ILO.pdf#page=4〕 However, these numbers are highly open to dispute as they often are unverified and can change rapidly. One reasonably "hard" indicator of the U.S. citizen population overseas is offered by the fact that often when they have a child abroad, they obtain a Consular Report of Birth Abroad from a US consulate as a proof of the child's U.S. citizenship. The Bureau of Consular Affairs reports issuing 503,585 such documents over the decade 2000-2009. Based on this, and on some assumptions about the family composition and birth rates, some authors estimate the US civilian population overseas as between 3.6 and 4.3 million.〔(These are our Numbers: Civilian Americans Overseas and Voter Turnout ), By Dr. Claire M. Smith (Originally published: OVF Research Newsletter, vol. 2, issue 4 (Aug), 2010)〕 Sizes of certain subsets of US citizens living abroad can be estimated based on statistics published by the Internal Revenue Service. US Citizens are generally liable for US income tax even if they reside overseas; however, if they receive earned income (wages, salaries, etc.) while residing in a foreign country, they can exclude an amount of foreign earned income from the US taxation or receive credit for foreign taxes paid. The IRS reported that almost 335,000 tax returns with such a foreign-earned income exclusion form were received in 2006.〔(Individual Foreign-Earned Income and Foreign Tax Credit, 2006 ), pp. 54 (overall number), 57 (geographical distribution), 84 (foreign tax credit) at (SOI Tax Stats - Individual Foreign Earned Income/Foreign Tax Credit )〕 This imposes a lower (and very imprecise) bound on the number of US citizens who were living and working in foreign countries at the time. In the same tax year, almost 969,000 US taxpayers reported having paid foreign tax on "general limitation income" (i.e., income other than interest, dividends, and other "passive income") from foreign sources on their foreign tax credit forms.〔 Of course, not all of these were actually residing abroad full-time. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「American diaspora」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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